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This research presents an advanced investigation into passive vibration control systems for bridge structures, with particular emphasis on Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) as a reliable and energy-efficient mitigation strategy. The study is motivated by the increasing dynamic vulnerability of modern bridges, especially long-span and slender systems, which are highly susceptible to traffic-induced, wind-induced, and seismic excitations that may lead to resonance, excessive deflections, and long-term structural degradation. The primary objective of this work is to critically evaluate the performance limitations of conventional passive control systems under real-world conditions, particularly considering structural aging and the resulting shifts in natural frequencies. Such changes often lead to detuning of traditional TMD systems, significantly reducing their effectiveness over time. To address this challenge, the research adopts a rigorous computational framework based on structural dynamics and numerical modeling, integrating multi-degree-of-freedom system representation with advanced simulation techniques implemented in MATLAB. A novel engineering concept is introduced through the development of a repositioned TMD system, designed to restore optimal performance by adjusting damper location in response to evolving structural properties. The findings demonstrate that the proposed repositioning strategy significantly enhances long-term vibration mitigation efficiency, maintaining superior performance compared to fixed TMD configurations under progressive stiffness degradation. The results further highlight the critical influence of system adaptability on sustaining structural performance over extended service periods. This study contributes to the field by providing a practical, cost-effective, and sustainable solution for vibration control in aging bridge structures. It offers valuable design insights for civil engineers and emphasizes the importance of integrating adaptive passive control strategies into modern infrastructure systems to ensure safety, durability, and long-term operational resilience.